149 research outputs found
Postrzeganie Szlaku Architektury Przemysłowej Łodzi przez mieszkańców miasta. Przykład partycypacji społecznej w badaniach nad turystyką
Łódź jako miasto postindustrialne posiada duży potencjał dla turystyki poprzemysłowej. Próbą jego wykorzystania było utworzenie Szlaku Architektury Przemysłowej Łodzi, łączącego obiekty związane z przemysłową przeszłością miasta. W opinii autorki, by szlak mógł pełnić funkcję atrakcji turystycznej pierwszymi osobami świadomymi jego wartości powinni być sami mieszkańcy. Przeprowadzone badania ankietowe potwierdziły niezwykle istotną rolę partycypacji społecznej w kreowaniu wizerunku miasta, stwarzającej podstawę do dalszych działań związanych z udoskonalaniem i promocją szlaku. Artykuł nie wyczerpuje tematu partycypacji społecznej w procesie rozwoju szlaku, ale może posłużyć jako wkład w dyskusję na temat roli mieszkańców w procesie kształtowania atrakcyjności turystycznej miasta. Partycypacja społeczna jest bowiem niezwykle istotnym elementem badań nad turystyką i stanowi wstęp do ich efektywnego wykorzystania w praktyce
Persistently optimal policies in stochastic dynamic programming with generalized discounting
In this paper we study a Markov decision process with a non-linear discount function. Our approach is in spirit of the von Neumann-Morgenstern concept and is based on the notion of expectation. First, we define a utility on the space of trajectories of the process in the finite and infinite time horizon and then take their expected values. It turns out that the associated optimization problem leads to a non-stationary dynamic programming and an infinite system of Bellman equations, which result in obtaining persistently optimal policies. Our theory is enriched by examples.Stochastic dynamic programming, Persistently optimal policies, Variable discounting, Bellman equation, Resource extraction, Growth theory
Markov Decision Processes with Risk-Sensitive Criteria: An Overview
The paper provides an overview of the theory and applications of
risk-sensitive Markov decision processes. The term 'risk-sensitive' refers here
to the use of the Optimized Certainty Equivalent as a means to measure
expectation and risk. This comprises the well-known entropic risk measure and
Conditional Value-at-Risk. We restrict our considerations to stationary
problems with an infinite time horizon. Conditions are given under which
optimal policies exist and solution procedures are explained. We present both
the theory when the Optimized Certainty Equivalent is applied recursively as
well as the case where it is applied to the cumulated reward. Discounted as
well as non-discounted models are reviewe
Integracja społeczna w procesie industrializacji na przykładzie Bełchatowa
The book is consisted of , so to say, two parts: theoretical
considerat ions and the descr ipt ion of empirical research in Bełchatów.
The theoretical part is composed of two basic chapters.
One of them have concerned industrial changes and social processes
while building of new enterprises. The formation of the staff of new enterprise is one of last phase of industrial process. There
are mentioned some empirical researches of earlier stages of industrialization in region of Bełchatów, too. Next theoretical chapter
contents the considerat ions on meaning of term "integration"
and dimensions of social integration which are applied in empirical
research (functional, normative, cultural, comunicative). The
process of social integration is determined, generally, by two
groups of factors: internal and external. Internal determinants
are connected with a specific character of enterprise. External
factors are connected with social system of economy which one of
elements is enterprise.
Social integration is the resultant of the interaction and
influence of these groups of factors. In case od Bełchatów, we can
say, that external determinants have been more significance. The
integration of the staff had been analysed on three levels:
- on the level of work groups,
- on the level of enterprise as whole,
- on the level of relations between brown coal-mine and the
power-station. The state of the integration on each level was different.
The work groups were connected most strong ties in all dimensions of integration. Two tendencies have been coexisted on the
level of enterprise and relation between the mine and the power-station: integrative and disintegrative. The first tendency is
the result of specific situation of enterprise in industrial region, second one is the effect of influence of external determinants.
The staff of enterprise has been consisted of integrated
work groups and two opposite groups in organizational structure:
supervisors and subordinates.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę
On approximate and weak correlated equilibria in constrained discounted stochastic games
In this paper, we consider constrained discounted stochastic games with a
countably generated state space and norm continuous transition probability
having a density function. We prove existence of approximate stationary
equilibria and stationary weak correlated equilibria. Our results imply the
existence of stationary Nash equilibrium in stochastic games
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